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Fig. 1. —65-year-old woman with urinary incontinence, voiding dysfunction, and external vaginal prolapse.

B, Lateral dynamic fluoroscopic image obtained with patient straining during cystographic phase shows similarly shaped large cystocele (c). Note pubococcygeal line (solid line). Cystocele (dotted line) extends 8.5 cm below pubococcygeal line. Also note that fluoroscopic image is considerably more magnified than image in A, and pubococcygeal line in A has greater tilt because of supine position of patient.