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Fig. 1. Diagram shows individual's time line from birth to death. Preclinical phase of disease begins with onset and ends when signs and symptoms appear. Clinical phase begins with onset of signs and symptoms. Detectable preclinical phase (DPCP) is interval of time during preclinical phase when disease is detectable by test. Lead time is interval of time from disease detection to appearance of signs and symptoms. For screening to be effective, critical point (CP) must occur during DPCP. (Adapted from [5])