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Fig. 2A. —Normal duplex MR study of carotid arteries in 36-year-old healthy male volunteer. MR image as displayed online by real-time duplex MR imaging (encoding velocity, 100 cm/sec) shows measurement of common carotid artery. At top, magnitude image is displayed. Four white circles indicate region of interest containing four voxels placed over left common carotid artery. Time—velocity plot at bottom reveals flow that is directed caudocranially below baseline. Baseline tick interval is 1 sec; gap on baseline indicates current point of measurement. Distance from baseline to systolic peak represents peak systolic velocity, depending on velocity encoding. Using encoding velocity of 100 cm/sec, we measured 5.9 cm with an electronic caliper (vertical line) that represents peak systolic velocity of 73.75 cm/sec. Note sharp systolic upstroke (straight arrow) and downstroke (curved arrow), characteristic of normal common carotid artery flow.