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Fig. 3A. —Drawings show first branchial arch derivatives. Arch dermal mesenchyme forms mandible, maxilla, zygomatic temporal bone, and squamous temporal bone (ST) through direct ossification. First-arch cartilage derivatives include malleus (M); incus (I); alisphenoid (greater wing of sphenoid); and small fibrous core in mandible, which is called Meckel's cartilage (MC).