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Fig. 3A. —Representative photomicrographs (orcein, x50) of 4-µm-thick sections from renal arteries of same rabbit show difference between irradiated and nonirradiated restenosis lesions. Stenosis was induced bilaterally by overdilatation—deendothelialization and then treated by percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. Healing response in subjects 3 weeks after therapeutic percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty and endovascular brachytherapy (A) is compared with control arteries (B). Asterisk indicates lumen; arrowheads, neointima; and arrows, internal elastic lamina. Sample from arteries irradiated with 25 Gy at radial 2-mm depth immediately after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty shows limited neointimal proliferative response, resulting in insignificant reduction of diameter of lumen.