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Fig. 3. —Graph shows positive predictive value for mammographers ([UNK]) and trainees (). Positive predictive value is function of time to decision for final-decision phase and takes into account both true-positive responses (TP) and false-positive responses for cases with normal findings (FPn). Positive predictive value is calculated as [TP / (TP + FPn)]. False-positive responses for abnormal cases were not included, which is common usage. Positive predictive value performance begins high and levels off for both mammographers and trainees. Each set of positive predictive value data are fit by two linear-regression lines. These lines cross at approximately 25 sec for mammographers and at approximately 40 sec for trainees. These lines divide performance over time course of viewing into what Christensen et al. [1] labeled rapid phase and slow phase. We hypothesize that rapid phase reflects global discovery of lesions by Gestalt process and that slow phase reflects detection of lesions by focal search process.