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Fig. 1B. —72-year-old man with severely calcified patent ductus arteriosus who presented with New York Heart Association grade III dyspnea [14] and atrial fibrillation. Patient required aortic valve replacement for coexisting aortic stenosis. Because of severe calcification, patient underwent transcatheter duct closure as separate procedure before aortic valve surgery. Volume-rendered three-dimensional MDCT reconstruction shows calcified duct.