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Fig. 2. —Diagram shows decision tree comparing natural history of medication-resistant hypertension with other evaluation and treatment strategies and events occurring after treatment (stent placement for either renal artery stenosis or enhanced medical therapy). Individuals can remain status quo, acquire one or more adverse sequelae of hypertension, or die (either from hypertension, its complications, or unrelated cause). Probability of death or other complications resulting from hypertension (e.g., chronic renal failure [crf], myocardial infarction [mi], stroke, or any combination of these three) depends on diastolic blood pressure (DBP). One-time costs accrue from diagnostic tests or stent placement. Yearly costs accrue from enhanced medical therapy, dialysis, or management of myocardial infarction or stroke.