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Fig. 1C. —Series of images of 25-year-old woman shows process used to compare region of abnormal white matter (WM) on conventional MR images and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Area of abnormal WM, as determined by FA values, was entered on FA maps by placing small ROIs around MS plaque (3) and at mirror-image site (4) on contralateral side. Threshold of 40% decrease in FA values was chosen because that number represented average reduction in FA values in all plaques in this study. ROIs that had FA value at least 40% reduced compared with that of contralateral side were recorded. Area of these periplaque regions was added to area of plaque to give total area of abnormal-appearing WM on FA maps. ROIs have been placed on T2-weighted image for purposes of clarity. The ROIs marked 1 and 2 are the same as those seen in B.