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Fig. 4C. —Three patients with stents involving anastomosis. 42-year-old woman with radiocephalic fistula in left forearm. A nitinol stent was deployed with 2–3 mm protruding into anastomosis (arrow, C). The follow-up venogram 14 months after stent placement revealed retrograde blood supply from ulnar artery to vascular access. UA = ulnar artery; RA = radial artery; DRA = distal radial artery. E and F, 71-year-old woman with radiocephalic fistula in left forearm. Recoil stenosis (arrow, E) of peripheral outflow near arteriovenous anastomosis (AVA) after balloon dilatation was noted. Wallstent was deployed across anastomosis into supplying radial artery. Access was maintained patent for 22 months (secondary), until the end of the study. RA = radial artery.