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Fig. 1B —Effect of hyperthermia on extravasation of 100-nm liposomes in mouse window chamber model of human tumor (SKOV-3) xenograft, which is highly impermeable under normothermic conditions (34° C). In this model, xenograft is grown in dorsal skin fold (i.e., on back of mouse) inside window chamber. Skin along back of mouse is incised and tumor xenograft is placed on exposed subcutaneous tissue. Then, glass window is placed over exposed area to allow tumor growth to be monitored using fluorescent microscopy. Glass-covered tissue window allows for direct observation of tumor and its associated microvessels. Fluorescent (rhodamine)-labeled pegylated (stealth) liposomes are infused into tail vein and circulation of liposomes through tumor microcirculation is monitored with microscope while animal is lying in lateral recumbent position with window under microscope objective. (Reprinted with permission from [28]) Under normothermic conditions, imaging at 1 min shows tumor vasculature, but no extravasation of fluorescent liposomes. Similarly, at 30 min (B) and 60 min (C), no extravasation is seen.