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Fig. 4 —Blood volume flow (BVF) values (mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM], median) of 30 patients with bilateral idiopathic moyamoya disease in comparison with values for healthy subjects serving as controls. Symptomatic (moyamoya) internal carotid arteries have lower blood volume flow than controls. Moyamoya patients had basilar artery blood volume flow approximately 2.5-fold greater than that of controls. All results were highly significant. Bars indicate blood volume flow within arteries studied. ^**Statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). MM = patients with bilateral moyamoya disease, CON = controls, ICA L = left internal carotid artery, ICA R = right internal carotid artery, BA = basilar artery.