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Fig. 6B —45-year-old man with rectal cancer. Apparent good response to treatment. Sagittal T2-weighted image after chemoradiotherapy shows marked reduction in tumor bulk. Postchemoradiation therapy sacral bone marrow fatty atrophy (arrow) is evident. Histologic examination showed small amount of T3 disease remained. Differentiating small-volume extramural tumor from fibrosis after chemotherapy and radiation treatment is diagnostically difficult and is common source of MRI inaccuracy in tumor staging.