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Fig. 2A —44-year-old man was referred for CT after incidental detection of suspected right internal iliac artery arteriovenous (AV) fistula seen during performance of cerebral angiographic study. Pertinent history was pelvic fracture 20 years earlier. Axial contrast-enhanced arterial phase MDCT scan at S1 level shows evidence of hypertrophy of right gluteus medius (MED) muscle and, to lesser degree, right gluteus maximus muscle. Dilated pelvic veins are consistent with right internal iliac artery AV fistula.