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Fig. 2A —Inclusion root technique. Drawing shows bioprosthetic valved conduit within native aortic root. Graft is anchored in proximal aspect with series of interrupted sutures to horizontal plane at nadir of aortic annulus (curved arrows). Buttons are resected from valved conduit for subsequent native coronary artery reimplantation (straight arrows). Asterisks indicate space where small perigraft contrast pools occur in some patients. Dashed line indicates aortic valve plane.