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Fig. 1 —Decision tree for axillary staging of early breast cancer. Three staging strategies were considered: MR lymphangiography, sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, and combined MR lymphangiography–SLN biopsy. Strategy called no staging was included as comparator strategy only. Strategies are depicted to right of square branch point, termed decision node. To right of strategies are multiple circle branch points (termed chance nodes), which reflect probabilistic states and outcomes. For each staging strategy, there are associated probabilities of both correct (TP = true-positive, TN = true-negative) and incorrect (FP = false-positive, FN = false-negative) staging. Terminal nodes (M) signify that Markov model, informed by staging results, defines ensuing pathway.