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A case of a staghorn calculus floating in a hydronephrotic sac is reported. The diagnosis was based on the following roentgenographic signs:
1. Renal mass
2. Staghorn calculus which on multiposition plain film roentgenograms shows
(a) translational motion within the kidney silhouette (mediolateral and pole to pole shift)
(b) changes in the orientation of the calyceal part of the calculus with respect to the body of the patient (rotation of the calculus both around a transverse and an anteroposterior axis)
3. An additional calculus impacted in the ureter and causing complete obstruction on retrograde pyelography.
We feel that the first 2 of these signs suffice to make a diagnosis of a floating staghorn calculus.
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