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1 Associate Professor of Radiology.
2 Formerly Resident in Radiology; William Beaumont Hospital, El Paso, Texas.
3 Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery.
Spontaneous perforation of the esophagus and spontaneous pneumomediastinum are 2 infrequent causes of mediastinal emphysema. These 2 share many precursors: coughing, emesis, childbirth, defecation, status asthmaticus, convulsive seizures, and weight-lifting. They are at times difficult to distinguish on clinical grounds. A distinction can be made with confidence on chest roentgenograms and confirmed by a contrast medium swallow examination.
Nine cases of Boerhaaves syndrome and 4 cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum are reviewed; the similarities and differences between the 2 emphasized; and studies on anatomic specimens are utilized to explain their pathophysiology. These studies are correlated with the roentgenographic findings.
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F. M. Lomoschitz, K. F. Linnau, and F. A. Mann Pneumomediastinum Without Pneumothorax Caused by Esophageal Rupture Am. J. Roentgenol., December 1, 2001; 177(6): 1416 - 1416. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Wintermark and P. Schnyder The Macklin Effect : A Frequent Etiology for Pneumomediastinum in Severe Blunt Chest Trauma Chest, August 1, 2001; 120(2): 543 - 547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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