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A case report of a newborn premature infant with hyaline membrane disease, pneumopericardium and cardiac tamponade is presented.
Pneumopericardium with cardiac tamponade in a newborn is a potentially lethal condition, and prompt recognition is necessary so that immediate treatment can be instituted.
A roentgenogram of the chest should be obtained on any newborn, especially one with hyaline membrane disease, who, while on a respirator, shows increased respiratory distress. If pneumopericardium is present, cardiac tamponade should be suspected.
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