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In 51 institutions 12,419 intravenous pyelograms were made in children in a 3 month period. Five patients had major reactions (laryngeal edema, shock, asthma, or a combination of these). No deaths resulted from the procedure. A test dose of contrast material was not helpful in predicting adverse reactions. The very low incidence of significant reactions suggests that detailed, informed consent procedures are unjustified.
The Society for Pediatric Radiology adopted our conclusions that intravenous pyelography performed in children has a very low adverse reaction rate and that formalized informed consent is not necessary for this relatively common and generally innocuous procedure.
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