Breast patterns as an index of risk for developing breast cancer

The radiographic appearance of the breast parenchyma provides a method of predicting who will develop a breast cancer. This paper describes a restrospective study of 7,214 patients. On the basis of the radiographic appearance of the breast parenchyma, patients were placed into one of four groups of risk for developing carcinoma of the breast. Follow-up studies revealed a stepwise progression in the incidence of developing carcinoma of the breast at least 6 months after the radiographic examination. In one of the two substudies, there was a 37 times greater incidence for those at highest risk compared to the low risk group. The classifications presented are thought to be of value in the everyday practice of mammography as well as in planning screening programs.
CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. A. Shepherd, S. Malkov, B. Fan, A. Laidevant, R. Novotny, and G. Maskarinec Breast Density Assessment in Adolescent Girls Using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry: A Feasibility Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2008; 17(7): 1709 - 1713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Eng-Wong, J. Orzano-Birgani, C. K. Chow, D. Venzon, J. Yao, C. E. Galbo, J. A. Zujewski, and S. Prindiville Effect of Raloxifene on Mammographic Density and Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Premenopausal Women at Increased Risk for Breast Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2008; 17(7): 1696 - 1701. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Ding, R. Warren, I. Warsi, N. Day, D. Thompson, M. Brady, C. Tromans, R. Highnam, and D. Easton Evaluating the Effectiveness of Using Standard Mammogram Form to Predict Breast Cancer Risk: Case-Control Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2008; 17(5): 1074 - 1081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. B. Kopans Basic Physics and Doubts about Relationship between Mammographically Determined Tissue Density and Breast Cancer Risk Radiology, February 1, 2008; 246(2): 348 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K M Blackmore, J A Knight, R Jong, and L Lilge Assessing breast tissue density by transillumination breast spectroscopy (TIBS): an intermediate indicator of cancer risk Br. J. Radiol., July 1, 2007; 80(955): 545 - 556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. J Santen, N. F Boyd, R. T Chlebowski, S. Cummings, J. Cuzick, M. Dowsett, D. Easton, J. F Forbes, T. Key, S. E Hankinson, et al. Critical assessment of new risk factors for breast cancer: considerations for development of an improved risk prediction model Endocr. Relat. Cancer, June 1, 2007; 14(2): 169 - 187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. A. McCormack, R. Highnam, N. Perry, and I. dos Santos Silva Comparison of a New and Existing Method of Mammographic Density Measurement: Intramethod Reliability and Associations with Known Risk Factors Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2007; 16(6): 1148 - 1154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. J. R. Porter, A. J. Evans, E. J. Cornford, H. C. Burrell, J. J. James, A. H. S. Lee, and J. Chakrabarti Influence of Mammographic Parenchymal Pattern in Screening-Detected and Interval Invasive Breast Cancers on Pathologic Features, Mammographic Features, and Patient Survival Am. J. Roentgenol., March 1, 2007; 188(3): 676 - 683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. A. Sickles Wolfe Mammographic Parenchymal Patterns and Breast Cancer Risk Am. J. Roentgenol., February 1, 2007; 188(2): 301 - 303. [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. F. Boyd, H. Guo, L. J. Martin, L. Sun, J. Stone, E. Fishell, R. A. Jong, G. Hislop, A. Chiarelli, S. Minkin, et al. Mammographic Density and the Risk and Detection of Breast Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., January 18, 2007; 356(3): 227 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. N. Weitzel, S. S. Buys, W. H. Sherman, A. M. Daniels, G. Ursin, J. R. Daniels, D. J. MacDonald, K. R. Blazer, M. C. Pike, and D. V. Spicer Reduced Mammographic Density with Use of a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist-Based Chemoprevention Regimen in BRCA1 Carriers Clin. Cancer Res., January 15, 2007; 13(2): 654 - 658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Warren, J. Skinner, E. Sala, E. Denton, M. Dowsett, E. Folkerd, C. S. Healey, A. Dunning, D. Doody, B. Ponder, et al. Associations among Mammographic Density, Circulating Sex Hormones, and Polymorphisms in Sex Hormone Metabolism Genes in Postmenopausal Women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2006; 15(8): 1502 - 1508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. A. McCormack and I. dos Santos Silva Breast Density and Parenchymal Patterns as Markers of Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2006; 15(6): 1159 - 1169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M Jeffreys, R Warren, R Highnam, and G Davey Smith Initial experiences of using an automated volumetric measure of breast density: the standard mammogram form Br. J. Radiol., May 1, 2006; 79(941): 378 - 382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Mitchell, A. C. Antoniou, R. Warren, S. Peock, J. Brown, R. Davies, J. Mattison, M. Cook, I. Warsi, D. G. Evans, et al. Mammographic Density and Breast Cancer Risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers Cancer Res., February 1, 2006; 66(3): 1866 - 1872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Haars, P. A.H. van Noord, C. H. van Gils, D. E. Grobbee, and P. H.M. Peeters Measurements of Breast Density: No Ratio for a Ratio Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2005; 14(11): 2634 - 2640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Mulhall, R. A. Hegele, H. Cao, D. Tritchler, M. Yaffe, and N. F. Boyd Pituitary Growth Hormone and Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptor Genes and Associations with Mammographic Measures and Serum Growth Hormone Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2005; 14(11): 2648 - 2654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M K Simick and L Lilge Optical transillumination spectroscopy to quantify parenchymal tissue density: an indicator for breast cancer risk Br. J. Radiol., November 1, 2005; 78(935): 1009 - 1017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. A. Greendale, S. L. Palla, G. Ursin, G. A. Laughlin, C. Crandall, M. C. Pike, and B. A. Reboussin The Association of Endogenous Sex Steroids and Sex Steroid Binding Proteins with Mammographic Density: Results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Mammographic Density Study Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2005; 162(9): 826 - 834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. T. Bui-Mansfield Whatever Happened to the 50 Most Frequently Cited Articles Published in AJR? Am. J. Roentgenol., September 1, 2005; 185(3): 597 - 601. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Cerhan, T. A. Sellers, C. A. Janney, V. S. Pankratz, K. R. Brandt, and C. M. Vachon Prenatal and Perinatal Correlates of Adult Mammographic Breast Density Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2005; 14(6): 1502 - 1508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Torres-Mejia, B. De Stavola, D. S. Allen, J. J. Perez-Gavilan, J. M. Ferreira, I. S. Fentiman, and I. dos Santos Silva Mammographic Features and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer: A Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluations in the Guernsey Prospective Studies Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2005; 14(5): 1052 - 1059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. A. H. van Noord Breast Cancer and the Brain: a Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis to Explain the Opposing Effects of Caloric Deprivation during the Dutch Famine of 1944-1945 on Breast Cancer and Its Risk Factors J. Nutr., December 1, 2004; 134(12): 3399S - 3406S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Heng, F. Gao, R. Jong, E. Fishell, M. Yaffe, L. Martin, T. Li, J. Stone, L. Sun, J. Hopper, et al. Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Associated with Mammographic Features in Singaporean Chinese Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2004; 13(11): 1751 - 1758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Atkinson, W. Oosthuizen, S. Scollen, A. Loktionov, N. E. Day, and S. A. Bingham Modest Protective Effects of Isoflavones from a Red Clover-Derived Dietary Supplement on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Perimenopausal Women, and Evidence of an Interaction with ApoE Genotype in 49-65 Year-Old Women J. Nutr., July 1, 2004; 134(7): 1759 - 1764. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. M. Vacek and B. M. Geller A Prospective Study of Breast Cancer Risk Using Routine Mammographic Breast Density Measurements Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2004; 13(5): 715 - 722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Cuzick, J. Warwick, E. Pinney, R. M. L. Warren, and S. W. Duffy Tamoxifen and Breast Density in Women at Increased Risk of Breast Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, April 21, 2004; 96(8): 621 - 628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. H. Lai, D. Vesprini, W. Zhang, M. J. Yaffe, M. Pollak, and S. A. Narod A Polymorphic Locus in the Promoter Region of the IGFBP3 Gene Is Related to Mammographic Breast Density Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2004; 13(4): 573 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Atkinson, J. E Compston, N. E Day, M. Dowsett, and S. A Bingham The effects of phytoestrogen isoflavones on bone density in women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2004; 79(2): 326 - 333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Harvey and V. E. Bovbjerg Quantitative Assessment of Mammographic Breast Density: Relationship with Breast Cancer Risk Radiology, January 1, 2004; 230(1): 29 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.-C. Hong, H. J. Thompson, C. Jiang, G. L. Hammond, D. Tritchler, M. Yaffe, and N. F. Boyd Val158Met Polymorphism in Catechol-O-methyltransferase Gene Associated with Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2003; 12(9): 838 - 847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Brisson, C. Diorio, and B. Masse Wolfe's Parenchymal Pattern and Percentage of the Breast with Mammographic Densities: Redundant or Complementary Classifications? Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2003; 12(8): 728 - 732. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Vranjesevic, C. Schiepers, D. H. Silverman, A. Quon, J. Villalpando, M. Dahlbom, M. E. Phelps, and J. Czernin Relationship Between 18F-FDG Uptake and Breast Density in Women with Normal Breast Tissue J. Nucl. Med., August 1, 2003; 44(8): 1238 - 1242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Stone, A. Gunasekara, L. J. Martin, M. Yaffe, S. Minkin, and N. F. Boyd The Detection of Change in Mammographic Density Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2003; 12(7): 625 - 630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Ursin, H. Ma, A. H. Wu, L. Bernstein, M. Salane, Y. R. Parisky, M. Astrahan, C. C. Siozon, and M. C. Pike Mammographic Density and Breast Cancer in Three Ethnic Groups Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2003; 12(4): 332 - 338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. A. Greendale, B. A. Reboussin, S. Slone, C. Wasilauskas, M. C. Pike, and G. Ursin Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Change in Mammographic Density J Natl Cancer Inst, January 1, 2003; 95(1): 30 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. H. Wang, W. F. Good, B. E. Chapman, Y.-H. Chang, W. R. Poller, T. S. Chang, and L. A. Hardesty Automated Assessment of the Composition of Breast Tissue Revealed on Tissue-Thickness-Corrected Mammography Am. J. Roentgenol., January 1, 2003; 180(1): 257 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Huo, M. L. Giger, O. I. Olopade, D. E. Wolverton, B. L. Weber, C. E. Metz, W. Zhong, and S. A. Cummings Computerized Analysis of Digitized Mammograms of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Gene Mutation Carriers Radiology, November 1, 2002; 225(2): 519 - 526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. F. Boyd, G. S. Dite, J. Stone, A. Gunasekara, D. R. English, M. R.E. McCredie, G. G. Giles, D. Tritchler, A. Chiarelli, M. J. Yaffe, et al. Heritability of Mammographic Density, a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., September 19, 2002; 347(12): 886 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Shepherd, K. M. Kerlikowske, R. Smith-Bindman, H. K. Genant, and S. R. Cummings Measurement of Breast Density with Dual X-ray Absorptiometry: Feasibility Radiology, May 1, 2002; 223(2): 554 - 557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Riza, I. dos Santos Silva, B. De Stavola, H. L. Bradlow, D. W. Sepkovic, D. Linos, and A. Linos Urinary Estrogen Metabolites and Mammographic Parenchymal Patterns in Postmenopausal Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2001; 10(6): 627 - 634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-P. Guo, L. J. Martin, W. Hanna, D. Banerjee, N. Miller, E. Fishell, R. Khokha, and N. F. Boyd Growth Factors and Stromal Matrix Proteins Associated with Mammographic Densities Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2001; 10(3): 243 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Clemons and P. Goss Estrogen and the Risk of Breast Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., January 25, 2001; 344(4): 276 - 285. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Brisson, B. Brisson, G. Coté, E. Maunsell, S. Bérubé, and J. Robert Tamoxifen and Mammographic Breast Densities Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2000; 9(9): 911 - 915. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. K. Chow, D. Venzon, E. C. Jones, A. Premkumar, J. O’Shaughnessy, and J. Zujewski Effect of Tamoxifen on Mammographic Density Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2000; 9(9): 917 - 921. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. Sala, R. Warren, J. McCann, S. Duffy, R. Luben, and N. Day High-risk mammographic parenchymal patterns, hormone replacement therapy and other risk factors: a case-control study Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2000; 29(4): 629 - 636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Vachon, L. H. Kushi, J. R. Cerhan, C. C. Kuni, and T. A. Sellers Association of Diet and Mammographic Breast Density in the Minnesota Breast Cancer Family Cohort Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2000; 9(2): 151 - 160. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. Jakes, S. Duffy, F. Ng, F Gao, and E. Ng Mammographic parenchymal patterns and risk of breast cancer at and after a prevalence screen in Singaporean women Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2000; 29(1): 11 - 19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Atkinson, R. Warren, S. A. Bingham, and N. E. Day Mammographic Patterns as a Predictive Biomarker of Breast Cancer Risk: Effect of Tamoxifen Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 1999; 8(10): 863 - 866. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				G. Liljegren, L. Holmberg, J. Bergh, A. Lindgren, L. Tabar, H. Nordgren, and H.O. Adami 10-Year Results After Sector Resection With or Without Postoperative Radiotherapy for Stage I Breast Cancer: A Randomized Trial J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 1999; 17(8): 2326 - 2326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. J. Baines and R. Dayan A Tangled Web: Factors Likely to Affect the Efficacy of Screening Mammography J Natl Cancer Inst, May 19, 1999; 91(10): 833 - 838. [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. A. Greendale, B. A. Reboussin, A. Sie, H. R. Singh, L. K. Olson, O. Gatewood, L. W. Bassett, C. Wasilauskas, T. Bush, E. Barrett-Connor, et al. Effects of Estrogen and Estrogen-Progestin on Mammographic Parenchymal Density Ann Intern Med, February 16, 1999; 130(4_Part_1): 262 - 268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. T. Gram, E. Funkhouser, and L. Tabar Moderate Physical Activity in Relation to Mammographic Patterns Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 1999; 8(2): 117 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text]