American Journal of Roentgenology, Vol 143, Issue 4, 778-784
Copyright © 1984 by American Roentgen Ray Society
Percutaneous extraction of renal and ureteral calculi: technical considerations
HM Pollack
and
MP Banner
Most renal calculi up to 12 mm in diameter and most upper-ureteral calculi can be removed intact percutaneously in one stage, using fluoroscopic rather than endoscopic control. By eliminating a second-stage fragmentation procedure (e.g., ultrasonic lithotripsy), hospital stays are shortened, costs are decreased, and morbidity is lessened. The techniques for percutaneous one-stage removal of upper urinary tract calculi are described.