Abdominal CT findings of disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in AIDS

Disseminated infection from Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) has recently been recognized as a common and serious complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The authors report the computed tomographic (CT) findings of 17 patients with AIDS and disseminated MAI referred for abdominal CT examination. Multiple large retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymph nodes were demonstrated in 14 patients (82%). MAI involvement was confirmed within abdominal lymph nodes in six patients by fine-needle percutaneous aspiration (five patients) or postmortem examination (one patient) and within enlarged peripheral lymph nodes in two other patients. The authors concluded that large, bulky, intraabdominal adenopathy in AIDS patients should suggest the diagnosis of MAI infection as well as other known causes of adenopathy, including lymphoma and metastatic Kaposi sarcoma. The authors recommend percutaneous aspiration of enlarged intraabdominal lymph nodes to establish the correct diagnosis.
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