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1
Department of Medical Physics and Centre of Medical Imaging Research,
University of Leeds, The Wellcome Wing, Leeds General Infirmary, Gt. George
St., Leeds LS1 3EX, United Kingdom.
2
Centre for Reproduction, Growth and Development, University of Leeds, D Fl.
Clarendon Wing, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS2 9NS, United Kingdom.
3
Department of Paediatric Radiology, University of Leeds, Clarendon Wing, Leeds
General Infirmary, Leeds LS2 9NS, United Kingdom.
OBJECTIVE. Quantitative measurements of mean water diffusivity (Dav) were made in human neonates, infants, and adults to assess changes in brain tissue that occur with maturation.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Values of Dav were obtained by calculating the average of the diffusion measurements made with diffusion-sensitizing gradients placed along three orthogonal directions. The mean diffusivity, a rotationally invariant determination of apparent diffusion coefficient, was measured in five healthy prematurely born neonates and infants, in 10 healthy term neonates and infants, and in five adults.
RESULTS. Values of Dav were found to decrease with maturation in most parts of the brain. In prematurely born neonates and infants with a postmenstrual age (postgestastional age + postnatal age) under 36 weeks, the average value of Dav in frontal white matter was 1.90 x 10-3 mm2 sec-1. The corresponding value was measured as 1.62 x 10-3 mm2 sec-1 in neonates and infants born at term with a postnatal age of no more than 43 days and 0.79 x 10-3 mm2 sec-1 in the adult brain.
CONCLUSION. Values of Dav are known to decrease in neonates and young infants in the period immediately after ischemic insult. This decrease and the associated increase in signal intensity seen on diffusion-weighted imaging have been used to monitor ischemic brain injury in neonates and infants. Therefore, the decrease in Dav that occurs with maturation, which we report in this study, must be considered if quantitative diffusion measurements are used to assess ischemic neonatal brain injury.
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