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AJR 2001; 176:661-666
© American Roentgen Ray Society


Contrast-Enhanced Subtraction Harmonic Sonography for Evaluating Treatment Response in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hong Ding1,2, Masatoshi Kudo1, Hirokazu Onda1, Yoichiro Suetomi1, Yasunori Minami1 and Kiyoshi Maekawa3

1 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
2 Present address: Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China.
3 Section of Abdominal Ultrasound, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.

OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to assess the usefulness of contrast-enhanced subtraction harmonic sonography in evaluating the treatment response of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Thirty-two hepatocellular carcinoma lesions in 26 patients (age range, 44-85 years; mean age, 66 years) were examined with Levovist-enhanced intermittent harmonic imaging before and after therapy. A Toshiba Powervision 8000 was used. A subtraction image was obtained by digitally subtracting the last-frame harmonic image from the first-frame image when multishot mode was preset. Results of contrast-enhanced CT were compared with the results of subtraction harmonic imaging.

RESULTS. Before therapy, an enhancement pattern of tumor vascularity was seen for 93.8% (30/32) of hepatocellular carcinoma nodules on subtraction harmonic imaging. After therapy, subtraction harmonic imaging showed 46.7% (14/30) enhancement (incomplete tumor necrosis) and 53.3% (16/30) no enhancement (complete tumor necrosis). When dynamic CT was the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of subtraction harmonic imaging were 93.3%, 100%, and 96.7%, respectively. Intratumoral flow signals in hepatocellular carcinoma after therapy on harmonic imaging were used as a guide to target additional percutaneous therapy.

CONCLUSION. Digital subtraction contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging can depict tumor vascularity in hepatocellular carcinoma after therapy sensitively and accurately. Because it is easy to perform and provides real-time needle insertion guidance, it may be preferable to perform after localized therapy to monitor treatment response, which will reduce unnecessary CT scanning.


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