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Permanent Transarterial Embolization of Neuroendocrine Metastases of the Liver Using Cyanoacrylate and Lipiodol: Assessment of Mid- and Long-Term Results

¹ Department of Radiology, Division of Angiography and Interventional Radiology, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
² Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to assess the results of hepatic artery embolization using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and ethiodized oil for the treatment of small-bowel neuroendocrine metastases to the liver as part of a multimodality protocol for the treatment of liver metastases from neuroendocrine small-bowel tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-three patients underwent permanent embolization of the hepatic artery using cyanoacrylate and Lipiodol for treatment of liver metastases after radical resection of small-bowel neuroendocrine tumors. All patients received additional treatment including somatostatin, and most patients received interferon as well. Cumulative survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS. Overall, 75 embolizations (range, 1-10; mean, 3.3) were performed. Median survival time was 69 months, and the estimated cumulative survival rates reached 95.7% and 65.4% for 1 and 5 years, respectively. Two deaths (8.7%) occurred within 1 month of treatment, and one patient experienced a vascular complication at the time of embolization.

CONCLUSION. Permanent embolization of hepatic arteries as part of a multimodality treatment protocol is beneficial in long-term follow-up for patients with metastasized small-bowel neuroendocrine tumors. The use of cyanoacrylate as an embolic agent is safe and effective.

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