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Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography at 1.5 T After Implantation of Platinum Stents: In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison with Conventional Stent Designs

¹ Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
² University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, VA.
³ Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography characteristics of a new platinum-based balloon-expandable stent system and compare this system with a variety of competing metallic stents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. All experiments were performed on 1.5-T scanners. In vitro experiments were performed using 10 stents implanted into a custom-built phantom. Different orientations of the stents along the magnetic field and multiple flip angles were examined. In addition, 19 patients underwent contrast-enhanced MR angiography after the implantation of 36 stents, including four patients with six platinum stents. Angiographic correlation was available for all 19 patients, and luminal patency and stent-induced artifacts were assessed quantitatively.

RESULTS. Of the tested balloon-expandable stents, only the platinum-based stents created artifact causing luminal narrowing of 30% or less. All other balloon-expandable stents induced larger artifacts that resulted in higher degrees of narrowing. Thus, if patent, the platinum-based stents allow significant in-stent stenosis to be ruled out reliably. Selected nitinol- or tantalum-based self-expandable stents also are suitable in this regard.

CONCLUSION. Of the tested devices, platinum-based stents are the only type of currently available balloon-expandable stent that creates 30% or less artifact-induced apparent stenosis and thus are suitable for MR angiography.

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