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Relationship Between Fluoroscopic Time, Dose–Area Product, Body Weight, and Maximum Radiation Skin Dose in Cardiac Interventional Procedures

¹ Department of Radiological Technology, Tohoku University School of Health Sciences, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
² Department of Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
³ Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
⁴ Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.

OBJECTIVE. Real-time maximum dose monitoring of the skin is unavailable on many of the X-ray machines that are used for cardiac intervention procedures. Therefore, some reports have recommended that physicians record the fluoroscopic time for patients undergoing fluoroscopically guided intervention procedures. However, the relationship between the fluoroscopic time and the maximum radiation skin dose is not clear. This article describes the correlation between the maximum radiation skin dose and fluoroscopic time for patients undergoing cardiac intervention procedures. In addition, we examined whether the correlations between maximum radiation skin dose and body weight, fluoroscopic time, and dose–area product (DAP) were useful for estimating the maximum skin dose during cardiac intervention procedures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two hundred consecutive cardiac intervention procedures were studied: 172 percutaneous coronary interventions and 28 cardiac radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) procedures. The patient skin dose and DAP were measured using Caregraph with skin-dose-mapping software.

RESULTS. For the RFCA procedures, we found a good correlation between the maximum radiation skin dose and fluoroscopic time (r = 0.801, p < 0.0001), whereas we found a poor correlation between the maximum radiation skin dose and fluoroscopic time for the percutaneous coronary intervention procedures (r = 0.628, p < 0.0001). There was a strong correlation between the maximum radiation skin dose and DAP in RFCA procedures (r = 0.942, p < 0.0001). There was also a significant correlation between the maximum radiation skin dose and DAP (r = 0.724, p < 0.0001) and weight–fluoroscopic time product (WFP) (r = 0.709, p < 0.0001) in percutaneous coronary intervention procedures.

CONCLUSION. The correlation between the maximum radiation skin dose with DAP is more striking than that with fluoroscopic time in both RFCA and percutaneous coronary intervention procedures. We recommend that physicians record the DAP when it can be monitored and that physicians record the fluoroscopic time when DAP cannot be monitored for estimating the maximum patient skin dose in RFCA procedures. For estimating the maximum patient skin dose in percutaneous coronary intervention procedures, we also recommend that physicians record DAP when it can be monitored and that physicians record WFP when DAP cannot be monitored.

Keywords: angiography • cardiovascular imaging • interventional radiology • radiation dose • radiation injury

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				K. Chida, Y. Kagaya, H. Saito, Y. Takai, S. Takahashi, S. Yamada, M. Kohzuki, and M. Zuguchi Total Entrance Skin Dose: An Effective Indicator of Maximum Radiation Dose to the Skin During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Am. J. Roentgenol., October 1, 2007; 189(4): W224 - W227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]