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MRI Measurement of the Hemodynamics of the Pulmonary and Systemic Arterial Circulation: Influence of Breathing Maneuvers

¹ Department of Radiology (E010), German Cancer Research Center, (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
² Department of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, In Neuenheimer Feld 153, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
³ Department of Clinical Radiology, University Medical Center Grosshadern, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
⁴ Department of Radiology, University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
⁵ Department of Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
⁶ Department of Radiology, University Hospital Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to use phase-contrast MRI to evaluate the influence of various breathing maneuvers on the hemodynamics of the pulmonary and systemic arterial circulation.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Twenty-five volunteers were examined with phase-contrast MRI. Flow measurements were acquired in the aorta, pulmonary trunk, and left and right pulmonary arteries during deep, large-volume inspiratory breath-hold, expiratory breath-hold, and smooth respiration (no breath-hold). Parameters assessed were peak velocity, blood flow, velocity gradient, and acceleration time.

RESULTS. Pulmonary blood flow and peak velocity were significantly reduced during inspiratory breath-hold and expiratory breath-hold compared with no breath-hold (p < 0.01). Pulmonary velocity gradient in inspiratory breath-hold was significantly (p 0.01) lower than in expiratory breath-hold and no breath-hold. There was no difference in velocity gradient between expiratory breath-hold and no breath-hold. Peak velocity in the aorta was lowest with no breath-hold. Velocity gradient was highest in expiratory breath-hold, and no breath-hold had the smallest SD. Acceleration time in the pulmonary trunk showed no difference between inspiratory breath-hold, expiratory breath-hold, and no breath-hold. Blood flow distribution to the left (45-47%) and to the right (53-55%) lung was not influenced by breathing maneuver.

CONCLUSION. Measurements during smooth respiration showed the smallest SD. Therefore, no-breath-hold measurements should be considered for assessment of hemodynamics in clinical practice.

Keywords: blood flow • hemodynamics • phase-contrast MRI • pulmonary circulation • systemic circulation

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