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The State of Teleradiology in 2003 and Changes Since 1999

¹ Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
² Present address: Gundersen Lutheran Hospital, La Crosse, WI.
³ Research Department, American College of Radiology, 1891 Preston White Dr., Reston, VA 20191.
⁴ Present address: Institute for Health Care Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
⁵ Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
⁶ Yale School of Management, New Haven, CT.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study is to describe in detail the use of teleradiology in 2003 and to report on changes since 1999 in this rapidly evolving field.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. We analyze non-individually identified data from the American College of Radiology's 2003 Survey of Radiologists, a stratified random sample mail survey that achieved a response rate of 63%, and data from the American College of Radiology's 1999 Survey of Practices. Responses were weighted to represent the distribution of individual radiologists and radiology practices nationwide. We present descriptive statistics and multivariable regression analysis results on the prevalence and uses of teleradiology in 2003 and comparisons with 1999.

RESULTS. Overall, 67% of all radiology practices in the United States, which included 78% of all U.S. radiologists, reported using teleradiology. A significant increase (p < 0.05) was seen in the prevalence of teleradiology or PACS, from 58% of practices in 1999 to 73% in 2003. Regression results indicate that, other practice characteristics being equal, in 2003, primarily academic practices were less likely to use teleradiology than private radiology practices, and medium-sized practices (5-14 radiologists) were more likely to have teleradiology than larger ones. In practices using teleradiology, home was the most frequent receiving site in both 1999 (81%) and 2003 (75%), the percentages being not significantly different.

CONCLUSION. Already a fixture of radiology practice in 1999, teleradiology increased in prevalence substantially by 2003. The primary use of teleradiology, transmission of images to home, did not change, suggesting that easing the burden of call remains the main use of teleradiology.

Keywords: digital images • Internet • practice of radiology • teleradiology

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