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DOI:10.2214/AJR.07.2593
AJR 2007; 189:W284-W291
© American Roentgen Ray Society

Pictorial Essay

IDEAL Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System: Robust Water–Fat Separation for Uniform Fat Suppression, Marrow Evaluation, and Cartilage Imaging

Clint M. Gerdes1,2, Richard Kijowski2 and Scott B. Reeder2,3

1 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
2 Present address: Medford Radiological Group, 842 E Main St., Medford, OR 97504.
3 Departments of Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this article is to discuss the acquisition of high-quality MR images of the musculoskeletal system with uniform fat suppression using iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL). IDEAL is a three-point water–fat separation method that provides robust fat suppression even in the complex magnetic environments commonly encountered during clinical musculoskeletal imaging.

CONCLUSION. The IDEAL technique provides uniform fat saturation even in complex magnetic environments and simultaneously produces in-phase and opposed-phase images that may be useful for characterization of osseous lesions. The IDEAL water–fat separation method is highly versatile and has been successfully combined with T1-weighted, T2-weighted, steady-state free precession, and spoiled gradient-recalled echo techniques to produce high-quality MR images in clinically acceptable scanning times.

Keywords: cartilage imaging • fat-saturation technique • IDEAL imaging • inversion time • marrow imaging • MRI • musculoskeletal imaging • STIR technique


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Copyright © 2007 by the American Roentgen Ray Society.