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DOI:10.2214/AJR.07.2879
AJR 2008; 190:608-615
© American Roentgen Ray Society

Original Research

Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Patient Status at Presentation and Outcome over 15 Years at a Single Center

Daniel B. Brown1,2,3,4, William C. Chapman2,3, Ryan D. Cook1, Jason R. Kerr1, Jennifer E. Gould1,3, Thomas K. Pilgram1 and Michael D. Darcy1,2,3

1 Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
2 Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
3 Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
4 Present address: Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Ste. 4200, Gibbon Bldg., 111 S 11th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107.

OBJECTIVE. We report the outcome of the care of 209 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with a focus on relevant scoring systems for predicting overall survival and time to progression and on changes in presentation status and outcome from 1991 to 2006.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Hepatic arterial chemoembolization was performed on 209 patients in 375 sessions. Disease status was evaluated with the Child-Pugh, Okuda, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) systems. Changes in status at presentation from 1991 to 2006 and change in overall survival period and time to progression were analyzed.

RESULTS. Median and mean overall survival periods for the entire group were 376 and 574 ± 61 days. Median and mean times to progression were 267 and 409 ± 54 days. Forty-nine patients underwent liver transplantation a median of 143 days after chemoembolization. The median and mean overall survival times among patients not undergoing transplantations were 466 and 574 ± 61 days. Okuda score (p < 0.0001) and AJCC stage (p = 0.014) were the best predictors of overall survival and time to progression, respectively. Patients with disease with an Okuda I score and in AJCC stage I or II had median and mean overall survival periods of 667 and 992 ± 176 days and times to progression of 378 and 589 ± 110 days. Clinical status at presentation, overall survival period (p = 0.64), and time to progression (p = 0.44) were unchanged from 1991 to 2006. The 30-day mortality was 3.2%.

CONCLUSION. Patients treated with hepatic arterial chemoembolization for HCC in Okuda score I and AJCC stage I or II have more durable survival than previously reported in a U.S. population.

Keywords: chemoembolization • hepatocellular carcinoma


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