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DOI:10.2214/AJR.07.3188
AJR 2008; 190:1495-1504
© American Roentgen Ray Society

Review

Perspective on the Role of Transrectal and Transvaginal Sonography of Tumors of the Rectum and Anal Canal

Francesca Berton1,2, Giada Gola1,3 and Stephanie R. Wilson1,4

1 Section of Ultrasound, Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
2 Present address: Institute of Radiology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia Italy.
3 Present address: Serves di Radiologia, Ospedale Civile di Voghera, Voghera, Pavia, Italy.
4 Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403 29 St. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 2T9.

OBJECTIVE. Intestinal sonography is characterized by excellent resolution of the multiple layers of the intestinal wall and sensitive depiction of the degree of invasion of rectal tumors. Traditional transrectal sonography has been enhanced by the addition of transvaginal scanning for women and by advances in transducer technology. Our purpose is to describe the current status of sonography in the evaluation of rectal and anal tumors and in the staging of rectal cancer.

CONCLUSION. Endorectal and transanal sonography are fast, minimally invasive techniques that can be performed with portable equipment and yield rapidly interpreted images. They are considered the reference standard for the preoperative staging of rectal and anal cancers and have relatively high accuracy in categorization of tumors and nodes in TNM staging.

Keywords: anal cancer • Doppler imaging • rectal cancer • rectal tumors • staging • transrectal sonography • transvaginal sonography


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