AJR AJR Integrative Imaging Dec 2008 articles
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DOI:10.2214/AJR.07.3238
AJR 2008; 191:1233-1238
© American Roentgen Ray Society

Original Research

Follow-Up After Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Contrast-Enhanced Sonography Versus Contrast-Enhanced CT or MRI

Maria Franca Meloni1, Michele Bertolotto2, Chiara Alberzoni3, Sergio Lazzaroni1, Carlo Filice4, Tito Livraghi1 and Giovanna Ferraioli4

1 Radiology Department, Vimercate General Hospital, Via Cesare Battisti 23, 20059 Vimercate, Milan, Italy.
2 Department of Radiology, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
3 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Milano-Bicocca, Hospital San Gerardo, Monza, Milan, Italy.
4 Infectious and Tropical Diseases Division, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Matteo–University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy..

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess, with contrast-enhanced CT or MRI as the reference imaging technique, the diagnostic performance of low-mechanical-index contrast-enhanced sonography in detecting local tumor progression after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of renal tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-nine patients with 30 renal tumors (18 men, 11 women; mean age, 73 years; range, 53–83 years) underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation at a single center between March 1998 and January 2007. The imaging follow-up schedule was both contrast-enhanced sonography and CT or MRI 4 months after completion of treatment and every 4 months for the first year. Thereafter, the follow-up schedule was contrast-enhanced sonography every 4 months with CT or MRI every 8 months. The chisquare test with Yates correction was used to evaluate positive and negative predictive values and accuracy.

RESULTS. One patient was scheduled to undergo surgical resection, and another patient was lost to follow-up. Twenty-seven patients with 28 renal tumors participated in follow-up. The concordance between contrast-enhanced sonographic and CT or MRI findings was 100% for 27 of 28 tumors (96.4%) that had a hypervascular pattern before treatment. In the case of the tumor that was hypovascular at imaging performed before percutaneous radiofrequency ablation, local tumor progression was missed at contrast-enhanced sonography. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy of contrast-enhanced sonography were 96.6%, 100%, 100%, 95.8%, and 98.1%.

CONCLUSION. Contrast-enhanced sonography is an effective alternative to CT and MRI in the follow-up of renal tumors managed with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation.

Keywords: contrast-enhanced sonography • follow-up • intervention • kidney • neoplasms • radiofrequency ablation


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