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Imaging of Lung Transplantation: Review

¹ CT Unit, Jubilee Wing, Department of Clinical Radiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom.
² Present address: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd., Singapore 169608.
³ Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Thoracic Division, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁴ Department of Clinical Radiology, Hope Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.
⁵ Division of Thoracic Surgery and Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.

OBJECTIVE

Lung transplantation is an established treatment for end-stage pulmonary disease. Complications of lung transplantation include airway stenosis and dehiscence, reimplantation response, acute rejection, infection, posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder, and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. The incidence of graft rejection and airway anastomosis experienced in the early years of lung transplantation have been significantly reduced by advances in immunosuppression and surgical techniques. Infection is currently the most common cause of mortality during the first 6 months after transplantation, whereas chronic rejection or obliterative bronchiolitis is the most common cause of mortality thereafter. This article reviews the radiologic findings of different surgical techniques as well as the common early and late complications of lung transplantation.

CONCLUSION

Radiology plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of complications of lung transplantation. Advancements in surgical technique and medical therapy influence the spectrum of expected radiologic findings. Familiarity with the radiologic appearances of common surgical techniques and complications of lung transplantation is important.

Keywords: lung transplantation

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