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Creation of a Three-Dimensional Model of Human Segmental Lung Anatomy

John S. Magnussen1, Peter Chicco1, Amanda W. Palmer2, Hans Van der Wall1 and Dzung H. Vu3

1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Concord Hospital, Hospital Rd., Concord, New South Wales 2139, Australia.
2 Department of Radiology, St. George Hospital, Belgrave St., Kogarah 2217, Australia.
3 School of Anatomy, University of New South Wales, Anzac Pde., Kensington 2052, Australia.



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  		Fig. 1. —Diagram shows pattern of segmental subdivision used in creation of reduced Zubal data set [3] for each number of subdivisions. At left is number of subsegments within each segment. To right are possible patterns of division.

 


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  		Fig. 2. —Diagram shows anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, and both oblique views for each lung. Also shown are internal views of each lung (medial views), revealing those parts hidden by contralateral lung, and significant when considering shine-through activity. In each case, lung of interest has lobar and segmental boundaries darkened. Note that reduced Zubal data set [3] has been printed at its original resolution, without smoothing, giving ragged appearance to edges.

 


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  		Fig. 3. —Diagram shows three axial slices (numbered superior to inferior), chosen for depiction of some complexities in arrangement of segments and subsegments, particularly in lower lobes. In top row, lung outlines are darkened and lobar boundaries are shown. In middle row, lobar boundaries are darkened and segmental boundaries added. In bottom row, segmental boundaries are darkened and subsegmental boundaries added.

 


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  		Fig. 4. —Clinical example of tomographic perfusion study in 62-year-old woman with multiple pulmonary emboli. Note loss of perfusion to virtually all segments in right lower lobe, as shown in accompanying axial wireframe diagram, and to posterobasal segment of left lower lobe. Perfusion defects are indicated by arrowheads.

 

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