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CT-Guided Percutaneous Fibrin Glue Therapy of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in the Spine After Surgery

Mahesh R. Patel1,2, Paul A. Caruso1, Naveed Yousuf1 and Jacob Rachlin3

1 Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.
2 Present address: Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 3031 Tisch Way, Ste. 02, Plaza South, San Jose, CA 25128.
3 Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.



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Fig. 1. —Preparation of two-component fibrin glue assembly shows attachment via two 3-mL syringes to three-way stopcock that is then attached to an 18- to 20-gauge spinal needle. No connecting tubing is used to reduce dead volume.

 


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Fig. 2. —In vitro aggregation of fibrin glue within superior portion of tube 5 min after admixture. Note gravity-dependent air—fluid level in container adjacent to tube of fibrin glue (arrows).

 


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Fig. 3A. —39-year-old man with lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak detected 4 months after L5—S1 disk excision who later underwent successful fibrin glue patch therapy. Axial CT scan shows large posterior CSF collection.

 


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Fig. 3B. —39-year-old man with lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak detected 4 months after L5—S1 disk excision who later underwent successful fibrin glue patch therapy. Axial CT scan after fibrin glue therapy shows placement of plug over suspected site of CSF leak. Note different attenuation of fibrin glue components due to different dilutions of contrast material: fibrin plug (arrows) appears mildly hyperdense to CSF.

 


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Fig. 3C. —39-year-old man with lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak detected 4 months after L5—S1 disk excision who later underwent successful fibrin glue patch therapy. Sagittal reconstruction shows fibrin glue covering laminectomy defect. Note extension of fibrin glue (arrows) subdurally. Subdural extension of fibrin glue is common after this procedure.

 


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Fig. 4. —63-year-old woman with lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak who later underwent fibrin glue patch therapy with intrathecal extension of fibrin glue, resulting in aseptic meningitis. Axial CT image shows fibrin glue within thecal sac (arrows). Bony fusion material is seen posterior to spine. Dense radiopaque object within left paraspinal soft tissues represents an electrical stimulator device. Because of large size of defect, surgical repair was subsequently performed.

 


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Fig. 5A. —29-year-old man with suboccipital cerebrospinal fluid leak after hemangioblastoma resection who later underwent successful fibrin glue patch therapy. Axial CT image shows collection posterior to C2 level.

 


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Fig. 5B. —29-year-old man with suboccipital cerebrospinal fluid leak after hemangioblastoma resection who later underwent successful fibrin glue patch therapy. Axial CT image shows spinal needle placed into collection with introduction of fibrin glue.

 


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Fig. 5C. —29-year-old man with suboccipital cerebrospinal fluid leak after hemangioblastoma resection who later underwent successful fibrin glue patch therapy. Sagittal reconstruction shows fibrin plug covers site of craniotomy defect.

 

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