Lung Cancer Detection in the 21st Century
Potential Contributions and Challenges of Emerging Technologies
Phillip M. Boiselle1,
Armin Ernst2 and
Daniel D. Karp3
1
Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard
Medical School, One Deaconess Rd., Boston, MA 02215.
2
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.
3
Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.

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Fig. 1. Early lung cancer in asymptomatic 67-year-old male smoker.
High-resolution (1-mm collimation) CT image (lung window) of upper lobes
reveals spiculated 1-cm-diameter nodule (arrow) in periphery of left
upper lobe that represented stage IA non-small cell lung cancer
(adenocarcinoma) at surgical resection.
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Fig. 2. Advanced lung cancer in symptomatic 58-year-old male smoker.
Contrast-enhanced CT image (soft-tissue window) reveals collapse of left upper
lobe caused by centrally obstructing mass (solid arrows) that
represented non-small cell lung cancer (squamous cell) at bronchoscopic
biopsy. Small left pleural effusion (open curved arrow) was proven
malignant.
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Arthur C. Christie 22nd President of ARRS 1921-1922
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William H. Stewart 23rd President of ARRS 1922-1923
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Fig. 3A. Three-dimensional (3D) volumetric analysis shows improved
detection of malignant growth rate in non-small cell lung cancer. L/H =
length/height, L/W = length/width, W/H = width/height. (Adapted and reprinted
with permission from [75])
(Courtesy of Yankelevitz DF, New York, NY) Three-dimensional volumetric
reconstruction image of left apical lung nodule shows volume measurement of
193 mm3.
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Fig. 3B. Three-dimensional (3D) volumetric analysis shows improved
detection of malignant growth rate in non-small cell lung cancer. L/H =
length/height, L/W = length/width, W/H = width/height. (Adapted and reprinted
with permission from [75])
(Courtesy of Yankelevitz DF, New York, NY) Follow-up 3D volumetric
reconstruction image of same nodule performed 130 days after A reveals
interval increase in volume to 234 mm3. Interval growth of nodule
was not apparent on serial axial high-resolution CT images (not shown).
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Fig. 4. Virtual bronchoscopy image at level of carina shows normal
appearance of the airway lumen. Curvilinear shadows are result of ribbing
artifacts and do not represent tracheobronchial cartilage. (Reprinted with
permission from [74])
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Copyright © 2000 by the American Roentgen Ray Society.