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Noninvasive Imaging of Living Related Kidney Donors

Evaluation with CT Angiography and Gadolinium-Enhanced MR Angiography

¹ Department of Radiology, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital Trust, St. Thomas St., London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
² Department of Radiological Sciences, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital Trust, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
³ Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital Trust, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.

View larger version (99K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1A. —MR urography sequences in 28-year-old male kidney donor show normal calices, ureters, and bladder. Half-Fourier acquisition turbo spin-echo MR image (A), coronal T2-weighted turbo spin-echo MR image (B), coronal three-dimensional (3D) fast low-angle shot (FLASH) MR image after test dose of gadolinium (C), and coronal 3D FLASH MR image after double dose of gadolinium (D).

View larger version (114K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1B. —MR urography sequences in 28-year-old male kidney donor show normal calices, ureters, and bladder. Half-Fourier acquisition turbo spin-echo MR image (A), coronal T2-weighted turbo spin-echo MR image (B), coronal three-dimensional (3D) fast low-angle shot (FLASH) MR image after test dose of gadolinium (C), and coronal 3D FLASH MR image after double dose of gadolinium (D).

View larger version (126K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1C. —MR urography sequences in 28-year-old male kidney donor show normal calices, ureters, and bladder. Half-Fourier acquisition turbo spin-echo MR image (A), coronal T2-weighted turbo spin-echo MR image (B), coronal three-dimensional (3D) fast low-angle shot (FLASH) MR image after test dose of gadolinium (C), and coronal 3D FLASH MR image after double dose of gadolinium (D).

View larger version (123K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1D. —MR urography sequences in 28-year-old male kidney donor show normal calices, ureters, and bladder. Half-Fourier acquisition turbo spin-echo MR image (A), coronal T2-weighted turbo spin-echo MR image (B), coronal three-dimensional (3D) fast low-angle shot (FLASH) MR image after test dose of gadolinium (C), and coronal 3D FLASH MR image after double dose of gadolinium (D).

View larger version (147K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2A. —CT angiography sequences of 57-year-old female donor who has three renal arteries to left kidney. Axial multiplanar reformations show upper pole accessory renal artery (A), main renal artery (B), and lower pole accessory renal artery (C).

View larger version (135K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2B. —CT angiography sequences of 57-year-old female donor who has three renal arteries to left kidney. Axial multiplanar reformations show upper pole accessory renal artery (A), main renal artery (B), and lower pole accessory renal artery (C).

View larger version (161K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2C. —CT angiography sequences of 57-year-old female donor who has three renal arteries to left kidney. Axial multiplanar reformations show upper pole accessory renal artery (A), main renal artery (B), and lower pole accessory renal artery (C).

View larger version (110K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2D. —CT angiography sequences of 57-year-old female donor who has three renal arteries to left kidney. Maximum intensity projection of CT data shows main renal artery is almost obscured by renal vein. Lower pole artery is seen (arrow), but upper pole artery is not clearly visualized.

View larger version (97K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. —Axial maximum intensity projection of CT data in 40-year-old female donor shows early branching left renal artery.

View larger version (100K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. —Maximum intensity projection of MR angiogram of 36-year-old male donor shows bilateral accessory lower pole arteries (solid arrows) and lumbar artery (open arrow).

View larger version (156K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5A. —MR angiography sequences of 45-year-old male donor. Maximum intensity projection shows two renal arteries on right and single artery on left.

View larger version (61K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5B. —MR angiography sequences of 45-year-old male donor. Axial multiplanar reformations show main left renal artery (B) and accessory renal artery on left (C).

View larger version (68K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5C. —MR angiography sequences of 45-year-old male donor. Axial multiplanar reformations show main left renal artery (B) and accessory renal artery on left (C).

View larger version (55K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6A. —MR venography sequences of 56-year-old female donor. Axial reformation shows left renal vein in normal position.

View larger version (113K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6B. —MR venography sequences of 56-year-old female donor. Maximum intensity projection shows second, retroaortic left renal vein (arrow).

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