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Decreasing the Radiation Dose for Renal Stone CT

A Feasibility Study of Single- and Multidetector CT

Audrey L. Spielmann1, Joan P. Heneghan1, Lisa J. Lee1, Terry Yoshizumi1,2 and Rendon C. Nelson1

1 Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710.
2 Radiation Safety Division, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC 27710.



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  		Fig. 1A. —CT images of simulated torso phantom with water-submersed porcine kidneys, obtained on single-detector helical scanner (CT/i; General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). Transverse scan obtained through the phantom at 140 kVp and 220 mA shows nine renal calculi.

 


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  		Fig. 1B. —CT images of simulated torso phantom with water-submersed porcine kidneys, obtained on single-detector helical scanner (CT/i; General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). Transverse scan obtained through phantom at 140 kVp and 80 mA shows visualization of all nine renal calculi seen on higher-dose scan A, although small calculi are not as well seen.

 


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  		Fig. 1C. —CT images of simulated torso phantom with water-submersed porcine kidneys, obtained on single-detector helical scanner (CT/i; General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). Transverse scan obtained through phantom at 140 kVp and 20 mA shows poor visualization of only six of nine renal calculi seen on A.

 


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  		Fig. 2. —Bar graph shows stone detection in right kidney (white bars) and left kidney (gray bars) as function of decreasing amperage in scans obtained on single-detector CT.

 


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  		Fig. 3A. —CT images of simulated torso phantom with water-submersed porcine kidneys, obtained on multidetector scanner (QX/i LightSpeed; General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). Transverse scan obtained through phantom at 140 kVp and 170 mA shows nine renal calculi.

 


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  		Fig. 3B. —CT images of simulated torso phantom with water-submersed porcine kidneys, obtained on multidetector scanner (QX/i LightSpeed; General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). Transverse scan obtained through phantom at 140 kVp and 60 mA shows visualization of all nine renal calculi seen on higher-dose scan A, although calculi are not as well seen.

 


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  		Fig. 3C. —CT images of simulated torso phantom with water-submersed porcine kidneys, obtained on multidetector scanner (QX/i LightSpeed; General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). Transverse scan obtained through phantom at 140 kVp and 20 mA shows poor visualization of only seven of nine renal calculi seen on A.

 


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  		Fig. 4. —Bar graph shows stone detection in right kidney (white bars) and left kidney (gray bars) as function of decreasing amperage in scans obtained on multidetector-row CT.

 


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  		Fig. 5. —Line graph shows measured CT dose index for varied exposures on single-detector (circles) helical scanner (CT/i; General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI) and multidetector (squares) scanner (QX/i LightSpeed; General Electric Medical Systems). Linear reduction in radiation dose is function of decreasing amperage.

 


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  		Fig. 6. —Line graph shows thermoluminescent detector measurements obtained at varied exposures on single-detector helical scanner (CT/i; General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI), with circles representing doses to kidneys in milligrays and squares representing effective dose equivalents in millisieverts.

 


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  		Fig. 7. —Line graph shows thermoluminescent detector measurements obtained at varied exposures on multidetector scanner (QX/i LightSpeed; General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI), with circles representing doses to kidneys in milligrays and squares representing effective dose equivalents in millisieverts.

 

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