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Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Value of Adding Delayed Phase Imaging to Dual-Phase Helical CT

Jae Hoon Lim1, Dongil Choi1, Seung Hoon Kim1, Soon Jin Lee1, Won Jae Lee1, Hyo Keun Lim1 and Seonwoo Kim2

1 Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, Korea 135-710.
2 Biostatistics Unit, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea.



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Fig. 1. Graph shows composite receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for pooled data reviewed by three observers. Curves indicate relative accuracy with which hepatocellular carcinomas were detected on dual-phase helical CT ({circ}) (area under ROC curve [Az] = 0.954 ± 0.012) and triple-phase helical CT ({diamondsuit}) (Az = 0.793 ± 0.009). Difference in mean areas under curves was statistically significant (p<0.001).

 


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Fig. 2A. 71-year-old man with 1.0-cm moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in liver segment IV. Arterial phase (A) and portal venous phase (B) hepatic CT images show no nodular lesions.

 


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Fig. 2B. 71-year-old man with 1.0-cm moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in liver segment IV. Arterial phase (A) and portal venous phase (B) hepatic CT images show no nodular lesions.

 


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Fig. 2C. 71-year-old man with 1.0-cm moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in liver segment IV. Delayed phase CT image shows fairly discrete hypoattenuating nodule (arrows).

 


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Fig. 3A. 66-year-old woman with 1.2-cm well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in liver segment IV. Arterial phase hepatic CT image shows no nodular lesion.

 


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Fig. 3B. 66-year-old woman with 1.2-cm well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in liver segment IV. On portal venous phase CT image, subtle lesion (arrows) is hardly seen.

 


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Fig. 3C. 66-year-old woman with 1.2-cm well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in liver segment IV. Delayed phase CT image shows discrete hypoattenuating nodule (arrows).

 


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Fig. 4A. 62-year-old man with 1.2-cm dysplastic nodule in liver segment VII. Arterial phase hepatic CT image shows subtle hypoattenuating nodule (arrows).

 


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Fig. 4B. 62-year-old man with 1.2-cm dysplastic nodule in liver segment VII. Portal venous phase (B) and delayed phase (C) CT images show discrete hypoattenuating nodules (arrows). All observers interpreted them as possible hepatocellular carcinoma (score, 3).

 


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Fig. 4C. 62-year-old man with 1.2-cm dysplastic nodule in liver segment VII. Portal venous phase (B) and delayed phase (C) CT images show discrete hypoattenuating nodules (arrows). All observers interpreted them as possible hepatocellular carcinoma (score, 3).

 


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Fig. 5A. 49-year-old man with 3.8-cm moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in liver segment VI. Arterial phase hepatic CT image shows hyperattenuating nodule (arrows).

 


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Fig. 5B. 49-year-old man with 3.8-cm moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in liver segment VI. On portal venous phase image, nodule becomes nearly isoattenuating (arrows). This finding is interpreted as probable hepatocellular carcinoma (score, 5) by all observers on dual-phase helical CT.

 


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Fig. 5C. 49-year-old man with 3.8-cm moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in liver segment VI. Delayed phase image shows discrete hypoattenuating nodule with subtle capsular enhancement (arrows). All observers interpreted nodule as definite hepatocellular carcinoma (score, 5) on triple-phase helical CT.

 

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