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Tunable Monochromatic X Rays: A New Paradigm in Medicine

Frank E. Carroll1,2

1 Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1221 21st Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232-2675.
2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Box 1807, Station B, Nashville, TN 37235.



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  		Fig. 1. —Diagram of inverse Compton scatter shows method by which tunable monochromatic X rays are produced. Infrared (IR) photons reflect off mirror and are counterpropogated against electron beam. Photons pick up energy as they scatter off electrons, becoming monochromatic X rays. IZ = interaction zone.

 


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  		Fig. 2. —Block diagram of new pulsed, tunable, monochromatic X-ray machine. Accelerator is at top and defines beamline axis along which e-beam travels. Two tables on lower left of diagram contain seed laser and amplifiers of tabletop terawatt laser, which, in turn, supply infrared light for the Compton interaction. Both beams collide headon at interaction zone to create monochromatic X rays.

 


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  		Fig. 3. —Panoramic picture of machine shows accelerator as long rectangular structure in background. Table terawatt laser is spread out over optical table in foreground.

 


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  		Fig. 4A. —Images of finger joint from standard hand phantom are the first taken using pulsed tunable monochromatic X-ray device. First radiograph taken at 16.5 keV shows soft tissues well and bone as essentially opaque.

 


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  		Fig. 4B. —Images of finger joint from standard hand phantom are the first taken using pulsed tunable monochromatic X-ray device. Second radiograph was taken just a few minutes after A after machine had been recalibrated to 25 keV. Soft tissues are less well seen, and bone has become X-ray transparent, revealing bony cortex and medullar cavity.

 


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  		Fig. 5. —Schematic diagram of proposed instantaneous CT unit (side view). Pyramidal reflector of mosaic crystals is used to split imaging beam into multiple beams that are reflected off central axis for some distance, then redirected through central axis by second-order reflection off multiple flat crystals, which send beam through object to be imaged and onto multiple detector areas on flat panel detector or onto multiple smaller detectors. Images obtained by this method can be used to reconstruct object three-dimensionally.

 


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  		Fig. 6. —Schematic diagram of proposed instantaneous CT unit (end view). Detector is not shown.

 

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