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Histomorphometric Evaluation of 198Au Endovascular Brachytherapy in a Renal Artery Restenosis Model in Rabbits

Alain F. Le Blanche1, Michel Bonneau2, Michel Wassef3, Maria-Theresa Farrès1, Laure Gabez2, Bernard Aubert4, Micheline Duriez5, Bernard I. Lévy5, Jean-Michel Bigot1 and Frank Boudghene1

1 Department of Radiology, Hôpital Universitaire Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, F-75970 Paris Cedex 20, France.
2 Centre de Recherche en Imagerie d'Intervention (CRII), AP-HP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France.
3 Department of Pathology, Hôpital Universitaire Lariboisière, AP-HP, 41, Blvd. de la Chapelle, F-75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
4 Department of Medical Physics, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39, rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif Cedex, France.
5 Unité 141 of the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Universitaire Lariboisière, F-75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.



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Fig. 1A. Left-sided renal artery endovascular brachytherapy procedure performed in rabbits is shown. Angiogram reveals bilateral renal artery stenoses (arrowheads).

 


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Fig. 1B. Left-sided renal artery endovascular brachytherapy procedure performed in rabbits is shown. Radiograph obtained immediately after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty shows external landmark needle (asterisk) inserted in skin. Tip of needle indicates site of middle of dilatation balloon (arrow).

 


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Fig. 1C. Left-sided renal artery endovascular brachytherapy procedure performed in rabbits is shown. Radiograph obtained after withdrawal of carrier-sheath from renal artery during irradiation shows middle of gold-198 wire (arrowheads) is projected over needle tip. After irradiation, carrier-sheath is advanced beyond wire end. Complete delivery device may be withdrawn from rabbit via femoral 4-French introducer sheath.

 


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Fig. 2. Morphometric measurement of vessel area was obtained by tracing vessel perimeter, delineated by perimeter of external elastic lamina. A represents adventitial area. Perimeter of lumen was traced to define lumen area (L). Perimeter of internal elastic lamina allows definition of area of internal elastic lamina, total area of neointima (N), and L. Medial area (M) was obtained by difference derived from the following formula; vessel area - area of internal elastic lamina. N was obtained by difference derived from subtracting L from area of internal elastic lamina.

 


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Fig. 3A. Representative photomicrographs (orcein, x50) of 4-µm-thick sections from renal arteries of same rabbit show difference between irradiated and nonirradiated restenosis lesions. Stenosis was induced bilaterally by overdilatation—deendothelialization and then treated by percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. Healing response in subjects 3 weeks after therapeutic percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty and endovascular brachytherapy (A) is compared with control arteries (B). Asterisk indicates lumen; arrowheads, neointima; and arrows, internal elastic lamina. Sample from arteries irradiated with 25 Gy at radial 2-mm depth immediately after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty shows limited neointimal proliferative response, resulting in insignificant reduction of diameter of lumen.

 


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Fig. 3B. Representative photomicrographs (orcein, x50) of 4-µm-thick sections from renal arteries of same rabbit show difference between irradiated and nonirradiated restenosis lesions. Stenosis was induced bilaterally by overdilatation—deendothelialization and then treated by percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. Healing response in subjects 3 weeks after therapeutic percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty and endovascular brachytherapy (A) is compared with control arteries (B). Asterisk indicates lumen; arrowheads, neointima; and arrows, internal elastic lamina. Sample from control arteries shows marked wall thickening caused by intimal proliferation, resulting in loss of luminal area and, hence, restenosis.

 

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