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Detection and Characterization of Intracardiac Thrombi on MR Imaging

Jörg Barkhausen1, Peter Hunold1, Holger Eggebrecht2, Walter O. Schüler3, Georg V. Sabin3, Raimund Erbel2 and Jörg F. Debatin1

1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany.
2 Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany.
3 Department of Cardiology, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, D-45138 Essen, Germany.



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Fig. 1A. 28-year-old man with myocarditis and thrombus (arrow, A—C) in right atrial appendage. Axial dark-blood—prepared HASTE MR image shows mass in right atrial appendage isointense relative to myocardium.

 


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Fig. 2C. 58-year-old man who had myocardial infarction 6 weeks before imaging. Axial dark-blood—prepared HASTE image reveals bright signal in left ventricular apex caused by slow flow.

 


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Fig. 1B. 28-year-old man with myocarditis and thrombus (arrow, A—C) in right atrial appendage. Diastolic fast imaging steady-state free precession cine MR image obtained in short axis shows mass in right atrial appendage hypointense relative to blood.

 


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Fig. 3A. 32-year-old woman with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Diastolic fast imaging steady-state free precession cine MR image obtained in short axis reveals low-signal-intensity mass (arrow) in right ventricular cavity, indicating right ventricular thrombus (pulmonary emboli in transit).

 


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Fig. 4A. 63-year-old man who had myocardial infarction 4 months before imaging. Two-chamber-view diastolic (A) and systolic (B) cine MR images obtained with fast imaging steady-state free precession (trueFISP) sequence reveal akinetic apical left ventricular wall. Differentiation of myocardium and mural thrombus is unfeasible on trueFISP images.

 


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Fig. 4B. 63-year-old man who had myocardial infarction 4 months before imaging. Two-chamber-view diastolic (A) and systolic (B) cine MR images obtained with fast imaging steady-state free precession (trueFISP) sequence reveal akinetic apical left ventricular wall. Differentiation of myocardium and mural thrombus is unfeasible on trueFISP images.

 


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Fig. 2A. 58-year-old man who had myocardial infarction 6 weeks before imaging. Four-chamber-view diastolic (A) and systolic (B) cine MR images obtained with fast imaging steady-state free precession sequence show lack of systolic wall thickening (arrow).

 


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Fig. 2B. 58-year-old man who had myocardial infarction 6 weeks before imaging. Four-chamber-view diastolic (A) and systolic (B) cine MR images obtained with fast imaging steady-state free precession sequence show lack of systolic wall thickening (arrow).

 


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Fig. 4D. 63-year-old man who had myocardial infarction 4 months before imaging. Two-chamber late contrast-enhanced 2D inversion recovery turbo FLASH image clearly reveals area of hyperenhancement (indicating myocardial scar tissue). Thrombus shows significant contrast enhancement.

 


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Fig. 3B. 32-year-old woman with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. In contrast-enhanced two-dimensional inversion recovery gradient-echo fast low-angle-shot MR image obtained in short axis, mass (arrow) does not show contrast enhancement.

 


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Fig. 3C. 32-year-old woman with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Posterior-view maximum-intensity-projection angiogram of pulmonary artery shows occlusion (arrow) of left posterior basal segment artery.

 


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Fig. 2D. 58-year-old man who had myocardial infarction 6 weeks before imaging. Four-chamber-view late contrast-enhanced two-dimensional inversion recovery gradient-echo fast low-angle-shot MR image reveals area of hyperenhancement, indicating myocardial scar tissue. Arrowhead indicates thin mural thrombus that was not detectable on echocardiography.

 


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Fig. 1C. 28-year-old man with myocarditis and thrombus (arrow, A—C) in right atrial appendage. Early contrast-enhanced three-dimensional inversion recovery gradient-echo fast low-angle-shot MR image obtained in short axis reveals filling defect in right atrial appendage.

 


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Fig. 4C. 63-year-old man who had myocardial infarction 4 months before imaging. In two-chamber early contrast-enhanced two-dimensional (2D) inversion recovery gradient-echo fast low-angle-shot (turbo FLASH) image, thrombus (arrow) appears as filling defect in cavity with low signal intensity.

 

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