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Interstitial MR Lymphography with MS-325: Characterization of Normal and Tumor-Invaded Lymph Nodes in a Rabbit Model

Christoph U. Herborn1, Thomas C. Lauenstein1, Florian M. Vogt1, Randall B. Lauffer2, Jörg F. Debatin1 and Stephan G. Ruehm1

1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology OZ II, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
2 EPIX Medical, 71 Rogers St., Cambridge, MA 02142.



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  		Fig. 1A. —Interstitial MR lymphographic images obtained in male rabbit with normal lymph nodes 15 min after subcutaneous injection of MS-325 into dorsal foot pad. In maximum-intensity-projection MR image, popliteal, inguinal, iliac, and paraaortal lymph nodes are delineated. Arrows indicate labeled lymph node groups.

 


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  		Fig. 1B. —Interstitial MR lymphographic images obtained in male rabbit with normal lymph nodes 15 min after subcutaneous injection of MS-325 into dorsal foot pad. Oblique-plane MR image from three-dimensional data set shows subtle structures such as thoracic duct (arrow).

 


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  		Fig. 2. —Bar graph shows signal-to-noise ratios for different lymph node groups in six male rabbits after bilateral interstitial injection of 0.5 mL of MS-325 into dorsal foot pad. Although popliteal lymph nodes ({blacksquare}) enhanced 5-15 min after injection, more proximal lymph node groups ([UNK] = iguinal nodes; {square} = iliac and aortal nodes) reached maximal signal intensity 15-30 min after administration of MS-325. Horizontal lines above bars represent standard error of mean.

 


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  		Fig. 3. —Bar graph shows enhancement time in tumor-invaded areas ({square}) of lymph nodes compared with enhancement of normal lymphatic tissue ({blacksquare}) in six male rabbits. Enhancement of tissue unaffected by tumor was similar to that of healthy lymphatic tissue, but areas affected by metastases displayed significantly decreased signal and partial signal void. Horizontal lines above bars represent standard error of mean.

 


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  		Fig. 4. —Maximum-intensity-projection image from interstitial MR lymphography depicts VX2 tumor in left hindleg of male rabbit. Tumor invasion of popliteal lymph node can be assessed by signal void seen in tumor-invaded lymph node (arrow). Popliteal lymph node in right hindleg appears round and displays homogeneous enhancement, indicating normal lymph node.

 


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  		Fig. 5A. —Interstitial MR lymphographic images obtained in male rabbit with VX2 tumor in left hindleg. In coronal MR image, tumor invasion of left proximal popliteal lymph node presents as signal loss in tumor-bearing part (straight arrow) of node. Contralateral nodes show homogeneous enhancement (curved arrow).

 


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  		Fig. 5B. —Interstitial MR lymphographic images obtained in male rabbit with VX2 tumor in left hindleg. Axial MR image corroborates finding of metastasis in left popliteal lymph node (arrow).

 

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