Introduction to Probability Theory and Sampling Distributions
Lawrence Joseph1,2 and
Caroline Reinhold3
1 Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Montreal General
Hospital, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada.
2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, 1020 Pine
Ave. W., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A2, Canada.
3 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill
University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4,
Canada.

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Fig. 1. Graph shows binomial distribution with sample size of 10 and
probability of success p = 0.7.
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Fig. 2. Graph shows the standard normal distribution with mean µ =
0 and SD = 1. Approximately 95% of area under curve falls within 2 SDs
on either side of mean, and about 68% of area falls within 1 SD from mean.
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Fig. 3. Chart shows the Poisson distribution with µ (mean =
10).
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Copyright © 2003 by the American Roentgen Ray Society.