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Using a Phantom to Compare MR Techniques for Determining the Ratio of Intraabdominal to Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Lane F. Donnelly1,2, Kendall J. O'Brien1, Bernard J. Dardzinski1,2, Stacy A. Poe2, Judy A. Bean2, Scott K. Holland1,2 and Stephen R. Daniels2

1 Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039.
2 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039.



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  		Fig. 1. —Photograph shows phantom used to simulate distribution of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat includes IV fluid bags, glass container, and IV tubing filled with either dairy creamer (to simulate fat) or water (to simulate soft tissues). Bags of water (W) separate external layer of fat (SAT), simulated by IV fluid bags full of cream, from central area of fat (IAT), simulated by containers and IV tubing (arrows) containing cream. Containers of water in central area (VW) simulate soft tissue interposed between intraabdominal adipose tissue.

 


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  		Fig. 2A. —T1-weighted MR images of phantom obtained using various techniques. Spin-echo (A), fast Dixon (B), and three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo (C) images show simulated subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), simulated intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAT), and water-containing structure (W). Arrows denote fat-filled tubing in intraabdominal adipose tissue.

 


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  		Fig. 2B. —T1-weighted MR images of phantom obtained using various techniques. Spin-echo (A), fast Dixon (B), and three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo (C) images show simulated subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), simulated intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAT), and water-containing structure (W). Arrows denote fat-filled tubing in intraabdominal adipose tissue.

 


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  		Fig. 2C. —T1-weighted MR images of phantom obtained using various techniques. Spin-echo (A), fast Dixon (B), and three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo (C) images show simulated subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), simulated intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAT), and water-containing structure (W). Arrows denote fat-filled tubing in intraabdominal adipose tissue.

 


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  		Fig. 3. —T1-weighted fast Dixon MR images of phantom reveal segmentation process. Signal equal to that of fat is identified. Note structures that contain signal equal to that of fat are outlined in red. Area of each region of interest can be calculated. Volumes can be calculated by adding areas of regions of interest from all axial slices containing area in question.

 

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