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Removal of Dust and Scratches from Electronic Image Files

George A. Taylor1

1 Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115.



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  		Fig. 1A. —Use of "Clone Stamp Tool." Original coronal sonogram of newborn with postinfectious hydrocephalus is shown on left, and magnified sonogram of temporal horn is shown on right. Note dust motes scattered throughout dilated ventricle.

 


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  		Fig. 1B. —Use of "Clone Stamp Tool." After selecting "Clone Stamp Tool" (black arrow) from "Toolbox," "Brush" is selected from Photoshop (Adobe Systems, Mountain View, CA) marquee. In this example, brush size of 45 pixels has been chosen. Brush is positioned over dark, dustfree area of ventricle next to white dust motes (white arrows). Select "Alt" and click (Windows [Microsoft, Redmond, WA) or "Option" and click (Macintosh OS, Apple Computer, Cupertino, CA) to sample region. Note brush changes into rubber stamp during this maneuver.

 


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  		Fig. 1C. —Use of "Clone Stamp Tool." Brush (white circle) has been used to paint over and remove white dust particles in ventricle.

 


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  		Fig. 2A. —Use of "Dust & Scratches" filter and "History Brush." Original sonogram (Figs. 1A, 1B, 1C) shows multiple dust particles overlying ventricles. "Dust & Scratches" filter is selected by clicking "Filter" menu bar (Filter -> Noise -> Dust & Scratches) as shown in upper left corner. "Dust & Scratches" dialogue window is shown in lower left. Note "Radius" and "Threshold" settings are at left end of slider bar (arrows). (Fig. 2 continues on next page)

 


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  		Fig. 2B. —Use of "Dust & Scratches" filter and "History Brush." "Radius" bar setting is moved to left until white dust particles disappear (setting of 8 pixels). "Threshold" slider bar is then moved to left until dust begins to reappear on image; then bar is nudged back to left so dust disappears (setting of 7 levels). Click "OK." Resulting sonogram shows no dust particles but appears unacceptably soft.

 


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  		Fig. 2C. —Use of "Dust & Scratches" filter and "History Brush." "History" palette is selected by clicking "Window" menu bar (Window -> Show History). Click on "bent page" icon (arrow) on lower bar of "History" palette (lower left) to create snapshot of image in filtered state (lower right). Return to Photoshop (Adobe Systems, Mountain View, CA) menu bar and select "Undo" under "Edit" bar (Edit -> Undo Dust & Scratches Filter," [not shown]).

 


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  		Fig. 2D. —Use of "Dust & Scratches" filter and "History Brush." Click on empty box (black arrow) to left of "Snapshot" icon in "History" palette. Select "History Brush" from "Toolbox" palette (white arrow) and go to "Brush" menu on Photoshop marquee. Select "Darken" for painting mode (Mode -> Darken) and brush of appropriate size to paint over dust particles. Brush size is depicted by dotted circle over lateral ventricle.

 


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  		Fig. 2E. —Use of "Dust & Scratches" filter and "History Brush." Sonogram after painting ventricles with "History Brush" in "Darken" blending mode shows complete removal of white dust while echotexture of brain is preserved.

 

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