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Percutaneous Sonographically Guided Microwave Coagulation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results in 234 Patients

¹ All authors: Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Rd., Beijing, 100853 China.

View larger version (127K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. —Photograph shows technique for insertion of multiple electrodes: three electrodes (arrowheads) were activated simultaneously, and temperatures were monitored with probes (arrows) at different sites.

View larger version (8K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. —Graph shows 5-year cumulative survival curve of 234 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with microwave coagulation therapy.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. —Graph shows 5-year cumulative survival curve for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma stratified according to histologic differentiation. Group 1 patients had poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma; group 2, moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma; and group 3, well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. —Graph shows 5-year cumulative survival curve for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma stratified according to diameter of tumor: group 1, 2 cm; group 2, > 2–3 cm; group 3, > 3–5 cm; and group 4, > 5 cm.

View larger version (143K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5A. —57-year-old woman with single hepatocellular carcinoma and accompanying cirrhosis. Sonogram obtained before percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy shows hypoechoic nodule (arrows) of 3.5 cm in maximum diameter in segment VI of liver.

View larger version (204K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5D. —57-year-old woman with single hepatocellular carcinoma and accompanying cirrhosis. Color Doppler energy sonogram shows there is no blood flow within tumor after percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy.

View larger version (209K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5B. —57-year-old woman with single hepatocellular carcinoma and accompanying cirrhosis. Color Doppler energy sonogram shows rich blood flow within tumor before microwave treatment.

View larger version (188K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5C. —57-year-old woman with single hepatocellular carcinoma and accompanying cirrhosis. Pulsed Doppler sonogram shows high-velocity artery flow within tumor before microwave therapy.

View larger version (128K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6A. —CT findings in 70-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied by severe cirrhosis. Arterial phase CT scan obtained before microwave therapy shows 3.8 x 3.1 cm hypervascular hepatoma (arrow) in segment III of liver.

View larger version (127K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7A. —53-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma nodule. T2-weighted MR image obtained before percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy reveals in homogeneously hyperintense area (arrow).

View larger version (126K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7B. —53-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma nodule. Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted arterial phase MR image obtained before percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy reveals enhanced area within tumor (arrow).

View larger version (131K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6B. —CT findings in 70-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied by severe cirrhosis. Arterial phase CT scan obtained 3 months after microwave therapy shows no enhancement within lesion. Lack of enhancement indicated complete tumor necrosis. 1 = lesion, 2 = normal tissue.

View larger version (157K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7C. —53-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma nodule. T2-weighted MR image obtained after percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy reveals hypointense area with hyperintense rim (arrows).

View larger version (132K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7D. —53-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma nodule. Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted arterial phase MR image obtained after percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy shows unenhanced area within treated area (arrows).

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