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Endometrial Carcinoma in Adenomyosis: Assessment of Myometrial Invasion on T2-Weighted Spin-Echo and Gadolinium-Enhanced T1-Weighted Images

Daisuke Utsunomiya1, Shiho Notsute1, Yoshiko Hayashida1, Flora Lwakatare1, Hidetaka Katabuchi2, Hitoshi Okamura2, Kazuo Awai3 and Yasuyuki Yamashita1

1 Department of Radiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
3 Department of Radiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2, Ohnohigashi Hazayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.



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Fig. 1A. 62-year-old woman with superficial (20%) invasion of myometrium by endometrial cancer coexisting with adenomyosis. Sagittal T2-weighted image shows thickening of junctional zone. Border (arrows) between tumor and dorsal myometrium is indistinguishable.

 


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Fig. 1B. 62-year-old woman with superficial (20%) invasion of myometrium by endometrial cancer coexisting with adenomyosis. Dynamic MRI obtained before contrast enhancement shows no tumor–myometrium contrast.

 


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Fig. 1C. 62-year-old woman with superficial (20%) invasion of myometrium by endometrial cancer coexisting with adenomyosis. Contrast-enhanced dynamic MRIs obtained during early phase (C) and delayed phase (D) show tumor as slightly enhanced lesion in endometrial cavity that contrasts well with well-enhanced myometrium. Marked enhancement of inner layer of myometrium (arrows) can be seen during early phase (C). Contrast between tumor and myometrium is better on contrast-enhanced images than on unenhanced images (B). Abnormal signal intensity of tumor is confined to inner half of myometrium.

 


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Fig. 1D. 62-year-old woman with superficial (20%) invasion of myometrium by endometrial cancer coexisting with adenomyosis. Contrast-enhanced dynamic MRIs obtained during early phase (C) and delayed phase (D) show tumor as slightly enhanced lesion in endometrial cavity that contrasts well with well-enhanced myometrium. Marked enhancement of inner layer of myometrium (arrows) can be seen during early phase (C). Contrast between tumor and myometrium is better on contrast-enhanced images than on unenhanced images (B). Abnormal signal intensity of tumor is confined to inner half of myometrium.

 


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Fig. 2A. 47-year-old woman with deep (90%) myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer in adenomyosis. Sagittal T2-weighted image shows low-signal-intensity mass (arrows) in dorsal wall, but assessing myometrial invasion is difficult.

 


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Fig. 2B. 47-year-old woman with deep (90%) myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer in adenomyosis. Dynamic MRI obtained before contrast enhancement shows no tumor–myometrium contrast.

 


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Fig. 2C. 47-year-old woman with deep (90%) myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer in adenomyosis. Contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI obtained during early phase shows marked enhancement of inner layer of myometrium. Tumor (arrows) interrupts well-enhanced inner layer of myometrium (arrowhead).

 


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Fig. 2D. 47-year-old woman with deep (90%) myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer in adenomyosis. Contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI obtained during delayed phase shows poor tumor–myometrium contrast.

 


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Fig. 3A. 54-year-old woman with deep (95%) myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer arising from adenomyosis that was confirmed at pathology. Sagittal T2-weighted image shows slightly high-signal-intensity mass (arrow) in dorsal wall extending to outer myometrium.

 


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Fig. 3B. 54-year-old woman with deep (95%) myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer arising from adenomyosis that was confirmed at pathology. Dynamic MRI obtained before contrast enhancement shows poor tumor–myometrium contrast.

 


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Fig. 3C. 54-year-old woman with deep (95%) myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer arising from adenomyosis that was confirmed at pathology. Contrast-enhanced dynamic MRIs in early phase (C) and delayed phase (D) show extension of mass to outer myometrium. During early phase (C), tumor (arrows) contrasts well with well-enhanced inner layer of myometrium (arrowhead, C). Well-enhanced inner layer is interrupted by tumor.

 


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Fig. 3D. 54-year-old woman with deep (95%) myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer arising from adenomyosis that was confirmed at pathology. Contrast-enhanced dynamic MRIs in early phase (C) and delayed phase (D) show extension of mass to outer myometrium. During early phase (C), tumor (arrows) contrasts well with well-enhanced inner layer of myometrium (arrowhead, C). Well-enhanced inner layer is interrupted by tumor.

 

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